应对暴雨洪涝灾害的平原城市生态水文调节服务供需评估——以天津市为例

生态水文调节服务是生态系统服务的重要组成,能够有效调节地表径流,缓解暴雨洪涝灾害。但由于城市建设扩张、生态环境退化、极端降雨频发等因素,导致生态水文调节服务出现供需失衡。平原城市中地形水动力较弱及城市发展需求高的特征更是加剧了这种现象。基于生态系统供需视角,以生态水文调节率表征城市生态水文调节服务的生态供给,以暴雨洪涝风险表征城市生态水文调节服务的社会需求,构建应对暴雨洪涝灾害的平原城市生态水文调节服务供需研究框架。以典型平原城市天津市为例,应用SWAT模型、随机森林模型和ArcGIS定量测度城市生态水文调节服务供需水平,划分四种供需空间匹配类型,识别供需失衡关键区域,并进行五级规划干预等级分区。结果表明：(1)供给能力呈现“东南沿海高,西北近山低”的空间分布;需求水平表现出“多中心聚集,圈层向外递减”的分布规律。(2)供需空间分布呈现正相关关系,低供-低需在四种供需匹配类型中占据主导,同时空间聚集性最明显。(3)规划干预分区存在明显的空间差异,优先干预区占比5.41%,整体与建成区分布一致,大部分集中在市内六区,其次分布在滨海新区核心区,是未来规划治理的重点。研究结果为城市规划管理从...     

Feeding graded levels of dried Sea buckthorn (Hippophaes rhamnoides) berries to broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of graded levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/kg) of dry Sea buckthorn (SB) berries on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, jejunal histomorphology, bird antioxidant status and caecal short-chain fatty acid concentration when fed to female Ross 308 broiler chickens. In addition, expression of cytokine biomarker genes in the jejunum was evaluated. The five experimental diets were fed from 7 to 21 days age to 8 pens (two birds in each) following randomisation. Feeding SB did not influence bird growth performance (p > .05). There was a linear decrease in butyric, acetic and valeric acid concentrations in caecal digesta (p < .05) and a decrease (p < .05) in crypt depth. The expression of IFNG and CD40LG responded quadratically (p < .05), peaking at 6–9 g/kg dietary inclusion of SB, respectively. Other studied variables were not affected by dietary SB inclusion (p > .05). Feeding dry SB berries up to 12 g/kg of diet did not improve the zootechnical variables of healthy commercial-strain broilers in this study.     

Proportional processing of a visual mate choice signal in the green swordtail,Xiphophorus hellerii

During mate choice, receivers often assess the magnitude (duration, size, etc.) of signals that vary along a continuum and reflect variation in signaller quality. It is generally assumed that receivers assess this variation linearly, meaning each difference in signalling trait between signallers results in a commensurate change in receiver response. However, increasing evidence shows receivers can respond to signals non-linearly, for example through Weber's Law of proportional processing, where discrimination between stimuli is based on proportional, rather than absolute, differences in magnitude. We quantified mate preferences of female green swordtail fish, Xiphophorus hellerii, for pairs of males differing in body size. Preferences for larger males were better predicted by the proportional difference between males (proportional processing) than the absolute difference (linear processing). This demonstration of proportional processing of a visual signal implies that receiver perception may be an important mechanism selecting against the evolution of ever-larger signalling traits.     

Ethical obligation and legal requirements: On informed consent practices in Bangladesh

Informed consent to medical intervention is fundamental in both ethics and law. But in practice it is often not taken seriously in developing countries. This paper provides an appraisal of informed consent practices in Bangladesh. Following a review of the ethical and legal principles of informed consent, it assesses the degree to which doctors adhere to it in Bangladesh. Based on findings of non-compliance, it then investigates the reasons for such non-compliance through an appraisal of informed consent practices in Bangladesh and provides recommendations aimed at improving such practices. The significance of this paper lies in unveiling the interdependence between the ethical and legal traits of informed consent and their ramifications on strengthening the patient-oriented approach of duty to care.     

Trusting the Health System and COVID 19 Restriction Compliance

We examine the extent to which exposure to higher relative COVID-19 mortality (RM), influences health system trust (HST), and whether changes in HST explain the perceived ease of compliance with pandemic restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on evidence from two representative surveys covering all regions of 28 European countries before and after the first COVID-19 wave, and using a difference in differences strategy together with Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM), we document that living in a region with higher RM during the first wave of the pandemic increased HST. However, the positive effect of RM on HST is driven by individuals over 45 years of age, and the opposite effect is found among younger cohorts. Furthemore, we find that a higher HST reduces the costs of complying with COVID-19 restrictions, but only so long as excess mortality does not exceed the average by more than 20%, at which point the ease of complying with COVID-19 restrictions significantly declines, offsetting the positive effect of trust in the healthcare system. Our interpretation of these estimates is that a higher RM is interpreted as a risk signal among those over 45, and as a signal of health-care system failure among younger age individuals.     

基于老年综合评估结果指导治疗对老年冠心病患者心功能、脂代谢和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨基于老年综合评估结果指导（CGA）治疗对老年冠心病患者心功能、脂代谢和生活质量的影响。方法：本次研究将2020年6月-2022年1月在江苏省人民医院心血管内科接受治疗的106例老年冠心病患者,采用随机数字法将其随机分为对照组（常规药物治疗,53例）与研究组（对照组的基础上结合CGA治疗,53例）。对比两组疗效、心功能、脂代谢和生活质量相关情况。结果：研究组的临床总有效率为94.34%,明显高于对照组的79.25%（P<0.05）。研究组治疗3个月后左心室舒张期末内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩期末内径（LVESD）低于对照组,左心室射血分数（LVEF）高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗3个月后高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）高于对照组,甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗3个月后病情、体力、医疗状况、一般生活、社会心理状况、工作状况各维度评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组的住院期间心脏不良事件总发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：基于CGA治疗老年冠心病,可有效改善心功能、脂代谢,降低住院期间不良事件发生率,提高患者的生活质量。     

Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification,epidemiology, neurobiology,clinical aspects,treatment and prevention

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent and exact a large toll on individuals’ health, well-being, and social functioning. Long-lasting changes in brain networks involved in reward, executive function, stress reactivity, mood, and self-awareness underlie the intense drive to consume substances and the inability to control this urge in a person who suffers from addiction (moderate or severe SUD). Biological (including genetics and developmental life stages) and social (including adverse childhood experiences) determinants of health are recognized factors that contribute to vulnerability for or resilience against developing a SUD. Consequently, prevention strategies that target social risk factors can improve outcomes and, when deployed in childhood and adolescence, can decrease the risk for these disorders. SUDs are treatable, and evidence of clinically significant benefit exists for medications (in opioid, nicotine and alcohol use disorders), behavioral therapies (in all SUDs), and neuromodulation (in nicotine use disorder). Treatment of SUDs should be considered within the context of a Chronic Care Model, with the intensity of intervention adjusted to the severity of the disorder and with the concomitant treatment of comorbid psychiatric and physical conditions. Involvement of health care providers in detection and management of SUDs, including referral of severe cases to specialized care, offers sustainable models of care that can be further expanded with the use of telehealth. Despite advances in our understanding and management of SUDs, individuals with these conditions continue to be stigmatized and, in some countries, incarcerated, highlighting the need to dismantle policies that perpetuate their criminalization and instead develop policies to ensure support and access to prevention and treatment.     

The impact of health insurance affiliation and socioeconomic status on cervical cancer survival in Bucaramanga,Colombia

Cervical cancer is still an important cause of death in countries like Colombia. We aimed to determine whether socioeconomic status of residential address (SES) and type of health insurance affiliation (HIA) might be associated with cervical cancer survival among women in Bucaramanga, Colombia. All patients residing in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer (ICD-0–3 codes C53.X) between 2008 and 2016 (n = 725) were identified through the population-based cancer registry, with 700 women having follow-up data for >5 years (date of study closure: Dec 31, 2021), yielding an overall 5-year survival estimate (95 % CI) of 56.4 % (52.7 – 60.0 %). KM estimates of 5-year overall survival were obtained to assess differences in cervical cancer survival by SES and HIA. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazards modeling was also conducted, including interaction effects between SES and HIA. Five-year overall survival was lower when comparing low vs. high SES (41.9 % vs 57.9 %, p < 0.0001) and subsidized vs. contributive HIA (45.1 % vs 63.0 %, p < 0.0001). Multivariable Cox modeling showed increased hazard ratios (HR) of death for low vs. high SES (HR = 1.78; 95 % CI = 1.18–2.70) and subsidized vs. contributive HIA (HR = 1.44; 95 % CI = 1.13–1.83). The greatest disparity in HR was among women of low SES affiliated to subsidized HIA (vs. contributive HIA and high SES) (HR=2.53; 95 % CI = 1.62–3.97). Despite Colombia’s universal healthcare system, important disparities in cervical cancer survival by health insurance affiliation and socioeconomic status remain.     

湿地生态系统健康研究进展

湿地作为一个生态系统 ,具有多种功能和价值 ,是人类最重要的环境资本之一 ,被称为“自然之肾”。湿地在蓄洪防旱、调节气候、控制土壤侵蚀、促淤造陆、降解环境污染等方面起着极其重要的作用。湿地拥有丰富的野生动植物资源 ,是众多野生动植物特别是珍稀水禽的繁殖和越冬地。不仅如此 ,湿地向人类提供大量的生产和生活资料 [1] 。然而 ,近些年来一些地区的湿地状况令人担忧 ,具体表现城市化、工业化、路基建设、农业开发及废物处理等造成湿地面积的缩小 ;水利、灌溉、水库蒸发、河流及地下水过度提取 ,沼泽地排水、挖渠、土地开荒、筑堤造…     

A prevalence survey for zoonotic enteric bacteria in a research monkey colony with specific emphasis on the occurrence of enteric Yersinia

Transmissible pathogenic and opportunistic zoonotic enteric bacteria comprise a recognized occupational health threat to exposed humans from non-human primates (NHPs). In an effort to evaluate the occurrence of selected enteric organisms with zoonotic and biohazard potential in a research colony setting, we performed a prevalence study examining 61 juvenile and young adult rhesus macaques participating in a transplant immunology project. Primary emphasis was directed specifically to detection of pathogenic enteric Yersinia, less well-documented and reported NHP pathogens possessing recognized significant human disease potential. NHPs were surveyed by rectal culture during routine health monitoring on three separate occasions, and samples incubated using appropriate media and specific selective culture methods. Enteric organisms potentially transmissible to humans were subcultured and identified to genus and species. Significant human pathogens of the Salmonella/Shigella, Campylobacter, and enteric Yersinia groups were not isolated throughout the survey, suggesting prevalence of these organisms may generally be quite low.